歐佩克+希望美國(guó)加入減產(chǎn)協(xié)議

據(jù)彭博社4月6日?qǐng)?bào)道，沙特阿拉伯、俄羅斯和其他大型石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)正在加緊談判，以求達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，以阻止這場(chǎng)歷史性的油價(jià)暴跌。與此同時(shí)，外交官們表示，談判在周日已經(jīng)取得了一些進(jìn)展。

不過，談判仍面臨重大障礙:歐佩克及以上產(chǎn)油國(guó)的會(huì)議(一度被推遲)暫定于周四舉行。俄羅斯和沙特阿拉伯希望美國(guó)加入，但美國(guó)迄今幾乎沒有表現(xiàn)出任何意愿。據(jù)兩位知情人士表示，石油外交人士正在努力組織將于周五召開的20國(guó)集團(tuán)(G20)能源部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議，這是促使美國(guó)加入?yún)f(xié)議的努力之一。

隨著全球原油需求銳減三分之一，今年以來，原油價(jià)格已經(jīng)下跌了50%，這已經(jīng)威脅到依賴石油經(jīng)濟(jì)的國(guó)家的穩(wěn)定，威脅到美國(guó)頁(yè)巖油生產(chǎn)商的生存，并對(duì)各國(guó)央行構(gòu)成了額外的挑戰(zhàn)。

國(guó)際能源署也在呼吁采取行動(dòng)，如果不能達(dá)成一項(xiàng)有序的減產(chǎn)協(xié)議，市場(chǎng)將迫使產(chǎn)油國(guó)在石油儲(chǔ)存空間耗盡的情況下削減產(chǎn)量。

國(guó)際能源署署長(zhǎng)法提赫比羅爾(Fatih Birol)周日接受采訪時(shí)表示：“我們看到石油市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)嚴(yán)重過剩，有必要讓20國(guó)集團(tuán)行動(dòng)起來?！?/span>

即使達(dá)成1000萬桶/天的減產(chǎn)協(xié)議，也幾乎無法緩解供應(yīng)過剩的問題。據(jù)估計(jì)，目前的供應(yīng)過剩產(chǎn)能高達(dá)3500萬桶。在一些地區(qū)，現(xiàn)貨市場(chǎng)價(jià)格已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)為負(fù)值，交易員們以創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的速度把石油裝進(jìn)油輪，儲(chǔ)存在海上。

由于頁(yè)巖革命，美國(guó)已成為世界上最大的石油生產(chǎn)國(guó)，沙特阿拉伯和俄羅斯都表示希望美國(guó)加入減產(chǎn)計(jì)劃。

洪偉立 摘譯自 彭博社

原文如下：

Oil Negotiators Race for Global Pact With U.S. Role in Balance

Saudi Arabia, Russia and other large oil producers are racing to negotiate a deal to stem the historic price crash as diplomats said some progress was made on Sunday.

The talks still face significant obstacles: a meeting of producers from OPEC+ and beyond -- delayed once -- is only tentatively scheduled for Thursday. Russia and Saudi Arabia want the U.S. to join in, but U.S. President Donald Trump has so far shown little willingness to do so.

Oil diplomats are trying to stitch together a meeting of G20 energy ministers for Friday, part of an effort to bring the U.S. on board, according to two people familiar with the situation.

Crude prices have fallen 50% this year, as the economic effects of the pandemic have knocked out about a third of global demand. The price crash is so dramatic that it’s threatening the stability of oil-dependent nations, the existence of U.S. shale producers, and poses an extra challenge to central banks.

Even the International Energy Agency, which represents nations that consume oil, is calling for action. Oil officials know that if a deal to cut supply in an orderly way isn’t reached, the market will simply force producers to slash output as storage space runs out.

“We see a huge oversupply in the oil market,” Fatih Birol, the head of the IEA, said in an interview on Sunday. “There’s a need for the G20 in the driving seat, led by current its current chair, Saudi Arabia.”

Even if a deal is struck for as much as 10 million barrels per day, that will barely dent the supply glut, which is estimated at as much as 35 million. In some corners of the physical market prices have already turned negative, and traders have been putting oil into tankers at a record pace to store it at sea.

Saudi Arabia and Russia both say they want the U.S., which has become the world’s largest producer thanks to its shale revolution, to join the cuts.